T WAVES

all steps ⇢ ⇠ st segments
ecg steps

Are they upright or inverted ?

upright

normal, positively deflected T waves

 
 
 
 
 
 

inverted

negatively deflected T waves

(e.g. physiologic in leads V1 & aVR, lead misplacement, myocardial ischemia, ventricular hypertrophy, hypokalemia, intracranial hemorrhage, bundle branch block, fascicular block, cardiac memory, stress-induced cardiomyopathy)

Are they tall or peaked ?

yes

high T wave amplitude

(e.g. acute phase of STEMI, hyperkalemia, benign early repolarization)

no

normal T wave amplitude

 
 

Are there abnormal U waves ?

yes

U waves are tall or prominent

> 1/4 the height of the preceding T wave
(e.g. sinus bradycardia, hypokalemia)

no

normal U waves are upright and small

< 1/4 the height of the preceding T wave
 

U waves are inverted

(e.g. myocardial ischemia)
all steps ⇢ ⇠ st segments
related topics



myocardial ischemia
hypertrophy
bundle branch block
ecg home page
potassium imbalance
ich
specific diagnoses